Smoking Leads to DepressionT JOSEPH BENZIGER
A study conducted in Florida State in USA and published in the Journal of Neuropschyopharmacology has confirmed that occurrence of depression has definite links with the habit of smoking. The youngsters who have the smoking habit are quite likely to fall prey to depression later on in life.
The study was conducted using mouse model. Nicotine was given to adolescent rats, which suffered lack of pleasure and heightened sensitivity to stress during their adult stage in life. The adolescent rats were injected with either nicotine or saline for 15 days twice daily. After the period of treatment, the rats were subjected to several experiments to find out their reaction to stressful situations and offer of rewards. The rats injected with nicotine behaved showing symptoms of depression and anxiety, including repetitive grooming. There was also decrease in their consumption of rewards (sugary drinks). In stressful situations they did not engage in typical escape-like behavior but became immobile. The symptoms reduced when antidepressant drugs or more nicotine were administered.
The scientists believe that the implications on human beings are very clear. Carlos Bolanos, psychology Professor who led the team of researchers, has said, "This study is unique because it is the first one to show that nicotine exposure early in life can have long-term neurobiological consequences evidenced in mood disorders. In addition, the study indicates that even brief exposure to nicotine increases risk for mood disorders later in life."
Bolanos said that exposure to nicotine has toxic effects in several brain regions and neurotransmitter systems at distinct periods of development.
The growth of brain continues throughout adolescence. Hence the researchers explain that the consumption of nicotine negatively influences these systems and cause functional inefficiency later in life.
Sourcehttp://in.news.yahoo.com/139/20090130/1536/tls-teen-smoking-leads-to-depression-in.html
A study conducted in Florida State in USA and published in the Journal of Neuropschyopharmacology has confirmed that occurrence of depression has definite links with the habit of smoking. The youngsters who have the smoking habit are quite likely to fall prey to depression later on in life.
The study was conducted using mouse model. Nicotine was given to adolescent rats, which suffered lack of pleasure and heightened sensitivity to stress during their adult stage in life. The adolescent rats were injected with either nicotine or saline for 15 days twice daily. After the period of treatment, the rats were subjected to several experiments to find out their reaction to stressful situations and offer of rewards. The rats injected with nicotine behaved showing symptoms of depression and anxiety, including repetitive grooming. There was also decrease in their consumption of rewards (sugary drinks). In stressful situations they did not engage in typical escape-like behavior but became immobile. The symptoms reduced when antidepressant drugs or more nicotine were administered.
The scientists believe that the implications on human beings are very clear. Carlos Bolanos, psychology Professor who led the team of researchers, has said, "This study is unique because it is the first one to show that nicotine exposure early in life can have long-term neurobiological consequences evidenced in mood disorders. In addition, the study indicates that even brief exposure to nicotine increases risk for mood disorders later in life."
Bolanos said that exposure to nicotine has toxic effects in several brain regions and neurotransmitter systems at distinct periods of development.
The growth of brain continues throughout adolescence. Hence the researchers explain that the consumption of nicotine negatively influences these systems and cause functional inefficiency later in life.
Sourcehttp://in.news.yahoo.com/139/20090130/1536/tls-teen-smoking-leads-to-depression-in.html
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